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{"id":5591,"date":"2025-04-03T09:22:14","date_gmt":"2025-04-03T01:22:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.jtglobar.com\/archives\/5591"},"modified":"2025-04-03T09:22:14","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T01:22:14","slug":"%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e5%8f%91%e7%83%ad%e4%bf%9d%e6%9a%96%ef%bc%8c%e5%86%ac%e5%ad%a3%e6%9c%8d%e8%a3%85%e9%9d%a2%e6%96%99%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b0%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.jtglobar.com\/archives\/5591","title":{"rendered":"\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\uff0c\u51ac\u5b63\u670d\u88c5\u9762\u6599\u7684\u65b0\u9769\u547d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u80cc\u666f<\/h3>\n

\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u73b0\u4ee3\u7535\u5b50\u79d1\u6280\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7eba\u7ec7\u5de5\u827a\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7f6e\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u6216\u81ea\u53d1\u70ed\u7ea4\u7ef4\u4e3a\u7a7f\u7740\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6052\u5b9a\u4e14\u8212\u9002\u7684\u6e29\u6696\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u73af\u5883\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u4eba\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u8282\u70ed\u91cf\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u8282\u80fd\u7684\u4fdd\u6696\u6548\u679c\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bf9\u8212\u9002\u6027\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u51ac\u5b63\u670d\u88c5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u521b\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7535\u70ed\u4e1d\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bfc\u7ebf\u6216\u78b3\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u52a0\u70ed\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u5b58\u5728\u67d4\u97e7\u6027\u5dee\u3001\u6613\u65ad\u88c2\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u3001\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u6750\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u67d4\u6027\u7535\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u9762\u6599\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8010\u7528\u6027\u548c\u8212\u9002\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u5176\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6237\u5916\u8fd0\u52a8\u670d\u3001\u533b\u7597\u5eb7\u590d\u670d\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e5\u5e38\u4fdd\u6696\u670d\u9970\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6237\u5916\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u5728\u5bd2\u51b7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4f53\u6e29\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1b\u5728\u533b\u7597\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8840\u6db2\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u7f13\u89e3\u808c\u8089\u75bc\u75db\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u878d\u5165\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u9ad8\u54c1\u8d28\u4fdd\u6696\u670d\u88c5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u65fa\u76db\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u4ecd\u9762\u4e34\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\u3001\u80fd\u8017\u8f83\u5927\u7b49\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7a81\u7834\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5<\/th>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u6750\u6599<\/th>\n\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9<\/th>\n\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u521d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5<\/td>\n\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bfc\u7ebf\u3001\u78b3\u7ea4\u7ef4<\/td>\n\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u4f4e<\/td>\n\u6237\u5916\u63a2\u9669\u670d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e2d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5<\/td>\n\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u3001\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef<\/td>\n\u67d4\u97e7\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5bfc\u70ed\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347<\/td>\n\u8fd0\u52a8\u670d\u3001\u5eb7\u590d\u670d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5<\/td>\n\u67d4\u6027\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u7ec7\u7269<\/td>\n\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a7\u6e29\uff0c\u8282\u80fd\u73af\u4fdd<\/td>\n\u65e5\u5e38\u4fdd\u6696\u670d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n

\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7279\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n

1. \u53d1\u70ed\u6548\u7387<\/h4>\n

\u53d1\u70ed\u6548\u7387\u662f\u6307\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8f93\u5165\u7535\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u70ed\u80fd\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u8868\u793a\u3002\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u610f\u5473\u7740\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u635f\u5931\u548c\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6210\u672c\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a0\u70ed\u6750\u6599\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4fdd\u6696\u9762\u6599\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u70ed\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u9ad8\u8fbe95%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff08Wang et al., 2020\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u503c\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bfc\u7ebf\u6750\u6599\uff08\u7ea680%\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u6750\u6599\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n\u53d1\u70ed\u6548\u7387 (%)<\/th>\n\u80fd\u8017 (W\/m\u00b2)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u91d1\u5c5e\u5bfc\u7ebf<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u78b3\u7ea4\u7ef4<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef<\/td>\n95<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2. \u6e29\u5ea6\u8c03\u63a7\u8303\u56f4<\/h4>\n

\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u5177\u5907\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u8c03\u63a7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u4eba\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u8c03\u6574\u8f93\u51fa\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u8c03\u63a7\u8303\u56f4\u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u5b9a\u572830\u00b0C\u81f360\u00b0C\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4f4e\u6863\uff0830-40\u00b0C\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u6863\uff0840-50\u00b0C\uff09\u548c\u9ad8\u6863\uff0850-60\u00b0C\uff09\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6863\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u573a\u666f\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u52a0\u70ed\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e2\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u8212\u9002\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8fc7\u5ea6\u52a0\u70ed\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\uff08Li & Zhang, 2021\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u67d4\u97e7\u6027\u4e0e\u8010\u7528\u6027<\/h4>\n

\u67d4\u97e7\u6027\u548c\u8010\u7528\u6027\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u9762\u6599\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\u3002\u65b0\u578b\u67d4\u6027\u7535\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6781\u5927\u5730\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u521a\u6027\u548c\u6613\u635f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u94f6\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ebf\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u7ec7\u7269\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u67d4\u97e7\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u8d85\u8fc710,000\u6b21\u7684\u5f2f\u6298\u6d4b\u8bd5\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\uff08Chen et al., 2019\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u8fdb\u5c01\u88c5\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u7684\u8010\u6c34\u6d17\u6027\u548c\u6297\u8001\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6<\/h4>\n

\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u542f\u52a8\u52a0\u70ed\u5230\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u6e29\u5ea6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u5bd2\u51b7\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u3002\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u4ea7\u54c1\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u63a5\u901a\u7535\u6e90\u540e30\u79d2\u5185\u5347\u6e29\u81f3\u9884\u8bbe\u503c\uff0c\u8fdc\u5feb\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u52a0\u70ed\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08Kim et al., 2022\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5373\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4f7f\u5176\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7d27\u6025\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0e\u73af\u4fdd\u6027<\/h4>\n

\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9996\u8981\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ea7\u54c1\u666e\u904d\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u8fc7\u70ed\u4fdd\u62a4\u88c5\u7f6e\u548c\u77ed\u8def\u9632\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u56e0\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5f53\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u610f\u5916\u4e8b\u6545\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u6750\u6599\u7684\u73af\u4fdd\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u9009\u7528\u53ef\u964d\u89e3\u805a\u5408\u7269\u6216\u56de\u6536\u5229\u7528\u5e9f\u65e7\u7ea4\u7ef4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u6750\uff08Smith & Brown, 2023\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u53d1\u70ed\u6548\u7387\u3001\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u8c03\u63a7\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u67d4\u97e7\u6027\u548c\u8010\u7528\u6027\u3001\u8fc5\u6377\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u51ac\u5b63\u670d\u88c5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u8212\u9002\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u73b0\u72b6\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf<\/h3>\n

\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6b63\u7ecf\u5386\u7740\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5176\u5e02\u573a\u89c4\u6a21\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4e94\u5e74\u5185\u7ffb\u500d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u7814\u516c\u53f8Statista\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c2022\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u670d\u88c5\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u89c4\u6a21\u7ea6\u4e3a50\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u52302027\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5b57\u6709\u671b\u8fbe\u5230100\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e00\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u529b\u5305\u62ec\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9700\u6c42\u53d8\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\u652f\u6301\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u9a71\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\u6269\u5f20<\/h4>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u548c\u67d4\u6027\u7535\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u6750\u6599\u56e0\u5176\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u548c\u5bfc\u70ed\u6027\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u667a\u80fd\u4fdd\u6696\u9762\u6599\u4e2d\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u6750\u6599\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4fdd\u6696\u670d\u88c5\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u4ea7\u54c1\u8282\u80fd30%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff08Huang et al., 2021\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u67d4\u6027\u7535\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4f7f\u5f97\u52a0\u70ed\u5143\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8212\u9002\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u5176\u8010\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9700\u6c42\u53d8\u5316<\/h4>\n

\u968f\u7740\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bf9\u670d\u88c5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u8212\u9002\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5bd2\u51b7\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u670d\u88c5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5c24\u4e3a\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u7531Nielsen\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc770%\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u667a\u80fd\u52a0\u70ed\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u670d\u88c5\u652f\u4ed8\u6ea2\u4ef7\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u6b63\u9010\u6e10\u4ece\u9ad8\u7aef\u5e02\u573a\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u5e02\u573a\u6e17\u900f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653f\u7b56\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\u89c4\u8303<\/h4>\n

\u5404\u56fd\u5bf9\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e5f\u5728\u52a0\u901f\u5176\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u901a\u8fc7\u201cHorizon Europe\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u8d44\u52a9\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u53ef\u7a7f\u6234\u667a\u80fd\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4fe1\u90e8\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u52a0\u5feb\u65b0\u578b\u7ea4\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u53d1\u5c55\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7ea4\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u7ea4\u7ef4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u51fa\u53f0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf<\/h4>\n

\u5c55\u671b\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7740\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6f14\u8fdb\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u591a\u529f\u80fd\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u52a0\u70ed\u529f\u80fd\u5916\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4fdd\u6696\u670d\u88c5\u8fd8\u5c06\u96c6\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u5065\u5eb7\u76d1\u6d4b\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong>\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u73af\u4fdd\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c06\u66f4\u52a0\u6ce8\u91cd\u6750\u6599\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u5316\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u5b9a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u501f\u52a9\u5927\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u5546\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u504f\u597d\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u56e0\u7d20<\/th>\n\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/th>\n\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65<\/td>\n\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u65b0\u6750\u6599\uff08\u5982\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\uff09\u548c\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5982\u67d4\u6027\u7535\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4ea7\u54c1\u6027\u80fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9700\u6c42\u53d8\u5316<\/td>\n\u4e2d<\/td>\n\u66f4\u591a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u52a0\u70ed\u529f\u80fd\u652f\u4ed8\u6ea2\u4ef7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u653f\u7b56\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n\u4e2d<\/td>\n\u5404\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8d44\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u89c4\u8303\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf<\/td>\n\u9ad8<\/td>\n\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u5b9a\u5236\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u5e02\u573a\u524d\u666f\u5e7f\u9614\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6210\u719f\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u7684\u62d3\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u5fc5\u5c06\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6380\u8d77\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n

    \u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n

    1. \u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u5206\u5e03<\/h4>\n

    \u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff08MIT\uff09\u548c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5728\u67d4\u6027\u7535\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u5904\u4e8e\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u591a\u6b21\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300aNature\u300b\u548c\u300aScience\u300b\u7b49\u9876\u7ea7\u671f\u520a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cMIT\u56e2\u961f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u7ec7\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u548c\u67d4\u97e7\u6027\u5747\u4f18\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u5546\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08Liu et al., 2020\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f17\u52b3\u6069\u970d\u592b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u591a\u5bb6\u77e5\u540d\u4f01\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4fdd\u6696\u670d\u88c5\u5df2\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5e02\u573a\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u529b\u91cf\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5c0f\u89d1\u3002\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u7eb3\u7c73\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7b49\u9ad8\u6821\u548c\u79d1\u7814\u673a\u6784\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u6750\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u7eb3\u7c73\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u5bfc\u70ed\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u6b3e\u56fd\u4ea7\u667a\u80fd\u4fdd\u6696\u670d\u88c5\u4e2d\uff08Zhang et al., 2021\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u5730\u533a\/\u673a\u6784<\/th>\n\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411<\/th>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u6210\u679c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u7f8e\u56fd\uff08MIT\uff09<\/td>\n\u67d4\u6027\u7535\u5b50\u6750\u6599<\/td>\n\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u57fa\u4e8e\u77f3\u58a8\u70ef\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u667a\u80fd\u7ec7\u7269<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5fb7\u56fd\uff08Fraunhofer\uff09<\/td>\n\u667a\u80fd\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\u751f\u4ea7<\/td>\n\u63a8\u51fa\u591a\u6b3e\u5546\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u4fdd\u6696\u670d\u88c5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u4e2d\u56fd\uff08\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\uff09<\/td>\n\u78b3\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ba1\u590d\u5408\u6750\u6599<\/td>\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u6750\u6599\u6027\u80fd\u7a81\u7834\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u4ea7\u54c1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    2. \u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n

    \u4ece\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u524d\u6cbf\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5185\u5219\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u8f6c\u5316\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u5177\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u5206\u6821\uff08UCLA\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6750\u6599\uff08\u5982MoS\u2082\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u667a\u80fd\u7ec7\u7269\u7684\u7535\u70ed\u8f6c\u6362\u6548\u7387\uff08Choi et al., 2021\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6280\u672f\u8ddd\u79bb\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u4ecd\u6709\u8f83\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u53cd\u89c2\u56fd\u5185\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u7684\u91cf\u4ea7\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u77e5\u540d\u8fd0\u52a8\u54c1\u724c\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4fdd\u6696\u5939\u514b\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u81ea\u4e3b\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u67d4\u6027\u52a0\u70ed\u819c\uff0c\u5176\u539a\u5ea6\u4ec5\u4e3a0.1\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u8d85\u8fc75000\u6b21\u7684\u5f2f\u6298\u6d4b\u8bd5\u800c\u4e0d\u635f\u574f\uff08Wang et al., 2022\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6210\u719f\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u4f7f\u5f97\u56fd\u5185\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u4e0a\u5360\u636e\u660e\u663e\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

    3. \u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b<\/h4>\n

    \u56fd\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u79d1\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u5ef6\u4e16\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6db2\u6001\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u52a0\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u5bfc\u70ed\u6027\u5747\u4f18\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u6750\u6599\uff08Park et al., 2021\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u5c1a\u672a\u8fdb\u5165\u6d88\u8d39\u5e02\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u56fd\u5185\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u66f4\u52a0\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u8054\u5408\u9ad8\u6821\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e\u7528\u4e8e\u672f\u540e\u6062\u590d\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4fdd\u6696\u6bef\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u7f6e\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u60a3\u8005\u4f53\u6e29\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u8282\u52a0\u70ed\u529f\u7387\uff08Li et al., 2022\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u521b\u65b0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u8212\u9002\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n\u56fd\u5916\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868<\/th>\n\u56fd\u5185\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587<\/td>\n\u57fa\u4e8e\u6db2\u6001\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u52a0\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td>\n\u81ea\u4e3b\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u67d4\u6027\u52a0\u70ed\u819c\u53ca\u5176\u91cf\u4ea7\u5316\u65b9\u6848<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528<\/td>\n\u667a\u80fd\u52a0\u70ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n\u533b\u7597\u9886\u57df\u667a\u80fd\u4fdd\u6696\u6bef\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0e\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u5177\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5185\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u8f6c\u5316\u548c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u5404\u6709\u5343\u79cb\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u667a\u80fd\u53d1\u70ed\u4fdd\u6696\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u6765\u6e90<\/h3>\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u672c\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u8457\u540d\u6587\u732e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6491\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Wang, X., Liu, Y., & Chen, Z. (2020).<\/strong> "High-Efficiency Graphene-Based Smart Textiles for Thermal Management." Nature Materials<\/em>, 19(4), 421-428. <\/p>\n